Performance determinants across different biathlon competitions
Authors: Marko S. Laaksonen
First Published: 02 February 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71006/trnn7439
Abstract
This article summarizes how skiing speed, shooting accuracy and range time contribute to biathlon performance across formats. Skiing speed is particularly important in sprint events for lower-ranked athletes, whereas shooting accuracy is decisive for top performers and even more critical in individual races due to time penalties per miss. In pursuit and mass start, final standing shooting largely determines success, with prior sprint performance influencing pursuits and sufficient skiing speed essential for podium contention. In relays, strategic team selection is crucial, with men‘s results more influenced by skiing speed and women‘s by range efficiency.